BECAUSE THE BLOOD AND PLASMA OF YOUNG DONORS ACTIVATE GENES THAT INDUCE THE CELLULAR REPROGRAMMATION? "SECOND PART"

The cell can modify the sensitivity of the receptor, for example by phosphorylation, also by varying the number of receptors that can modify the total signaling strength inside the cell.

Nuclear or cytoplasmic receptors are soluble proteins located in the cytoplasm or cell After a transfusion with young blood or plasma, multiple mechanisms of action at the molecular level are initiated; due to the increase in the concentration of certain hormones, proteins and enzymes. Specific receptors and genes that induce cell reprogramming are activated, generating healthy tissue. DNA repairs itself more quickly. New proteins are generated by activation of certain genes, which were inactive.

In turn there are mechanisms of cellular, extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis, (Brenner and Mak et al., 2009, Declercq, Vanden Bergue and Vandenabeele, et al., 2009).

New cells and healthy tissue are generated, modifying organs of a more rejuvenated appearance, (Tony Wyss-Coray et al., 2015, Saul Villeda et al., 2011, 2014, Katsimpardi et al., 2014, Bath et al., 2015, Conboy et al. al., 2005, Sinka et al., 2014, Lofredo et al, 2013, Salpeter et al., 2013).

It also activates epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, acetylation, deacetylation ... (Albaugh, Arnold, and Denu, et al., 2011), methylation, demethylation ... of histones (Kooistra and Helin, et al., 2012), and regulation of chromatin (Binda et al., 2013; Laue and Frizzell, et al., 2012).

There is an increase in the concentration of certain proteins [P], hormones, growth factors, cytokines, ... enzymes, etc.) that are incorporated in young blood, there are specific ligands, which act by binding to specific receptors, through molecular mechanisms that fulfill several parameters, as joining forces:

Kd = [P] x [R]          [P] = concentration of the protein

     ---------            [R] = concentration or number of receivers,

        [PR]              [PR] = Protein-Receptor binding.

The concentration of circulating proteins is the main point of signal strength

nucleus, are activators of transcription, activated by ligand, these proteins are transported with the ligand or hormone, which pass through the nuclear membrane into the cell nucleus and activate the transcription of certain genes, resulting in the production of a protein or a new protein that at some point in our lives disappeared or has decreased its concentration or activity, due to multiple factors, mutations, aging ...

This protein production could be related to the TET2 today, but only one protein would not be the only responsible for such rejuvenation.

To be continue…..